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Fuel cost is the key element of ship owners to control operating costs in the business of voyage charter. While fuel price changes frequently over time and also ocean shipping transport cycle is long, and therefore how to develop the most economical refueling scheme among the ports of call becomes one of the significant issues that the ship owners concerning. This study addresses the refueling scheme...
This paper develops a model to forecast the freight index through studying the internal mechanism and the external influence factors. The model can provide a powerful tool for the operators and investors to understand the market trend and avoid the price risk. By taking the freight index of Panamax bulk carriers as subject, firstly, in order to eliminate the impact of random incidents in dry bulk...
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