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The Xiao procedure, which reroutes nerves surgically to establish a somatic–autonomic reflex arc for restoring voluntary bladder and bowel control in patients with spinal cord injury or spina bifida, is reviewed in this article on its history, current status, and how to optimize its efficiency.
Neurogenic bladder caused by SCI or spina bifida is a major problem. Research in restoring functional micturition has mainly focused on electrical stimulation for many decades with good progress, but it is still not the definitive solution for majority of the SCI patients.An alternative approach has been to investigate restoring innervation to the lower urinary tract after spinal SCI. Different animal...
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