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Understanding genetic colour polymorphism has proved a major challenge, both in terms of the underlying genetic mechanisms and the evolutionarily forces maintaining such genetic variation. In this context, genetic differences in aggression or competitive-related traits may covary with the expression of alternative phenotypes, and affect the evolutionary stability and maintenance of colour polymorphisms...
Red coloration has been associated with dominance and aggression in a number of animals. However, it is unclear whether the increased aggression of red individuals or the avoidance of red opponents is an intrinsic or learnt response. By experimentally controlling for genetic and environmental effects, I tested for innate competitive differences and red-enhanced contest success in sexually immature...
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