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Necrotic but not apoptotic trophoblastic debris can induce endothelial cell activation but the mechanism by which endothelial cells distinguish apoptotic from necrotic debris is unclear. The NALP3 inflammasome is a pattern recognition receptor that macrophages employ to recognise “danger signals” in necrotic cell corpses. In this study, we hypothesized that endothelial cells can identify and respond...
During the first trimester of human pregnancy, specialised placental cells called extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) grow out from anchoring villi, invade the maternal decidua and remodel the uterine spiral arteries. Inadequate EVT invasion is associated with pregnancy complications including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia. During early pregnancy, the placenta exists in a physiologically...
Immunoelectron microscopy is wrought with technical limitations that complicate its use. However, advances in correlative light and electron microscopy have recently lead to improvements in this field. We report the development of a semi-correlative approach to investigate the ultrastructural location of an antiphospholipid antibody within the syncytiotrophoblast. This method offers several advantages...
Studies show a number of miRNAs are expressed in the placenta including miRNA-424, a hypoxia–regulated miRNA, suggesting miRNA-424 may have a potential regulatory role in fetal growth restriction (FGR). The levels of miRNA-424 and its target gene, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MEK1), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) were examined. The levels of miRNA-424 were significantly increased...
Preeclampsia is a major complication of pregnancy affecting maternal and fetal health. Although the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is unclear, it is believed that trophoblast apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia during pregnancy. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family that uniquely promotes trophoblast proliferation. In this study we investigated...
Preeclampsia is a major cause of pregnancy morbidity and mortality. It is hypothesised that necrotic syncytial knots and/or inflammatory factors released from the placenta into the maternal circulation are responsible for inducing the widespread endothelial cell activation that is seen in preeclampsia. Poor placental perfusion has been associated with preeclampsia, this had led to the hypothesis that...
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting. At IFPA Meeting 2010 there were twelve themed workshops, six of which are summarized in this report. 1. The immunology workshop focused on normal and pathological functions of the maternal immune system in pregnancy. 2. The transport workshop dealt with regulation of ion and water transport across the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta...
During human pregnancy the uterine spiral arteries are invaded by placental trophoblasts which replace the endothelial cells that line the non-pregnant spiral arteries and transform these vessels into large-bore conduits enabling adequate perfusion of the placenta with maternal blood. Failure of this process may predispose to preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction [Brosens I, Robertson WB, Dixon...
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