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Apical periodontitis and its different manifestations are caused primarily by bacterial infection of the root canal system. Bacteria are usually organized in biofilm communities and can colonize not only the main canal but also spread to other areas in the root canal system. In these regions, bacteria are more difficult to reach and eliminate during treatment. The knowledge of endodontic infections...
Bacterial biofilms are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post‐treatment apical periodontitis. These bacterial endodontic communities are often found adhered to or at least associated with the dentinal canal walls, with bacterial cells encased in an extracellular amorphous matrix and often facing host inflammatory cells. This pattern of bacterial community arrangement...
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