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In this paper, the optimal channel geometry and flow rate of the concentrated and diluted solutions under the maximum net power output for the reverse electrodialysis (RED) stacks at a confined size are systematically investigated. A model considering the change in volume flow rate along the flow direction is employed to illustrate the process of the RED stack. For systematisms, under the maximum...
China's wind and solar (WS) energy grow rapidly but simultaneously cause high wind and solar resource abandonments. Large-scale energy storage facilities, such as compressed air energy storage plants (CAES) must be complimented to balance the intermittent of these powers. However, in China's wind-solar-rich places (Three North Region), there is no salt formations for CAES construction. Thus we propose...
In this paper, a hybrid system consisting of PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) and DCMD (direct contact membrane distillation) was proposed to recover the waste heat from PEMFC for brine water desalination. Parameters determining the performance of this hybrid system were systematically investigated. Results indicate that there exist optimal PEMFC current density and DCMD fresh water inlet...
This paper proposes a general method to optimize the structure and load current for a segmented thermoelectric generator (TEG) module, where the bismuth telluride is selected as the cold side material, and the skutterudite is selected as the hot side material, respectively. Two objectives, minimum semiconductor volume V′ and maximum output power P, are simultaneously considered to assess the performance...
The traditional treatment of sludge methods are high energy-consumption and expensive processes. Due to the increasing awareness considering risks for the global environment and human health, appropriate treatments of sewage sludge are urgently expected. A novel flow fuel cell technology was reported herein which could convert sewage sludge to electricity directly with high power output. In this flow...
Due to the rock salt resources in China mainly being bedded salt, it brings great challenges for the strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) cavern construction and safety evaluation. A series of investigations are presented to analyze the stability and availability of the China's first underground SPR salt cavern facilities, located in bedded rock of Jintan, China. Systematic mechanics experiments of rocks...
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a method of energy storage which can convert the surplus power to the internal energy of compressed air, and regenerates electricity whenever power is needed. A clean CAES system coupled with wind and solar energy was developed to solve the dependence of traditional CAES system on fossil fuels in China. The operating variables of the hybrid system include heat...
It is challenging to maintain a stable flame in miniature combustors. In the present work, a mesoscale bluff-body combustor was developed. The flame blow-off limits of CH4/air mixtures were experimentally obtained, which showed that the bluff body can effectively expand the flame stabilization limit. The flame anchoring mechanisms of this mesoscale bluff-body combustor were studied through 3D numerical...
Performance analysis and optimization of a thermally regenerative electrochemical refrigerator (TRER) are investigated based on finite time analysis. The general expressions of some important parameters of TRER are derived. The χ figure of merit considers both the coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling load rate, which can be seen as a compromise between maximum cooling load rate and maximum...
This study presents a generic methodology to select working fluids for ORC (Organic Rankine Cycles) taking into account property uncertainties of the working fluids. A Monte Carlo procedure is described as a tool to propagate the influence of the input uncertainty of the fluid parameters on the ORC model output, and provides the 95%-confidence interval of the net power output with respect to the fluid...
A DLTREC (dual loop thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle) system consisting of two hot electrochemical cells and a cold one is proposed for harvesting waste heat in a more efficient manner. With the maximum power output as the objective function, an optimal analysis of the DLTREC system based on a GA (genetic algorithm) method was conducted for different inlet temperatures of the heat source...
The performance of a TREC (thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle) has been investigated based on the finite time analysis. The impacts of the cell material, heat exchangers, and heat sources on the maximum ecological objective function and its corresponding power output and efficiency have been analyzed. For prescribed heat sources, the efficiency corresponding to the maximum ecological criterion...
A hybrid system consisting of a CPC (compound parabolic collector) system, a SOE (solid oxide electrolyzer) system and a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) system was proposed to harvest solar energy. And a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the system performance. The impacts of operating temperatures of the SOE and PEMFC system, and the direct irradiation intensity of the sun...
An optimization analysis of a continuous TREC (thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle) was conducted with maximum power output and exergy efficiency as the objective functions simultaneously. For comparison, the power output, exergy efficiency, and thermal efficiency under the corresponding single-objective optimization schematics were also calculated. Under different optimization methods it...
A new hybrid system consisting of a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) subsystem and a TREC (thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle) subsystem is proposed to convert the waste heat produced by the PEMFC system into electricity. The performance of the hybrid system and its corresponding subsystems is analyzed. Results reveal that there exists optimal current densities of the PEMFC and...
The blow-off limits of CH4/air flames in a mesoscale cavity-combustor under various pressures (P = 1.0–3.0 atm) are investigated numerically. The results show that the flame blow-off limit increases first and then decreases with an increasing pressure. Three typical pressures (P = 1, 2 and 3 atm) are selected to perform numerical analysis with a detailed reaction mechanism. The analysis demonstrates...
PEMFC (Proton exchange membrane fuel cell) operated under dead-ended anode mode is an effective and simple device for high hydrogen utilization. Herein, the operation characteristics of PEMFC with dead-ended anode are systematically investigated under various operating temperature, anode inlet pressure, and cathode stoichiometry. In each operating parameter, the solenoid valve located at the anode...
A new fuzzy terminal sliding mode control strategy is proposed to extract the maximum marine current energy. The control strategy mainly consists of a fuzzy logic controller for deriving the reference q-axis generator current and a non-singular terminal sliding mode current controller capable of accurately tracking the derived reference generator current. A swell filter is also involved in the control...
A 60 kW horizontal-axis marine current power system is designed, built and tested to provide potentially cost-competitive electrical power for residents in remote islands. This power system mainly consists of a three-bladed marine current turbine, a drive-train system, power electronics and a control console. The turbine blade parameters are reasonably calculated and optimized based on the blade element...
Based on a sub-critical ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) process, this study introduces the term OHST (Optimal Heat Source Temperature) with consideration of a suitable thermal match between heat source and working fluid. A theoretical formula is developed for predicting the OHST, which shows that OHST only depends on evaporation pressure and pinch point in the preheater and evaporator. A comparative study...
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