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Stem cells are uniquely able to self-renew, to undergo multilineage differentiation, and to persist throughout life in a number of tissues. Stem cells are regulated by a combination of shared and tissue-specific mechanisms and are distinguished from restricted progenitors by differences in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that other aspects of cellular physiology,...
Loss of Endothelin-3/Endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) signaling leads to aganglionosis of the distal gut (Hirschsprung's disease), but it is unclear whether it is required primarily for neural crest progenitor maintenance or migration. Ednrb-deficient gut neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) were reduced to 40% of wild-type levels by embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), but no further depletion of NCSCs was subsequently...
Stem cells in different regions of the nervous system give rise to different types of mature cells. This diversity is assumed to arise in response to local environmental differences, but the contribution of cell-intrinsic differences between stem cells has been unclear. At embryonic day (E)14, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) undergo primarily neurogenesis in the gut but gliogenesis in nerves. Yet...
We found neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) in the adult gut. Postnatal gut NCSCs were isolated by flow-cytometry and compared to fetal gut NCSCs. They self-renewed extensively in culture but less than fetal gut NCSCs. Postnatal gut NCSCs made neurons that expressed a variety of neurotransmitters but lost the ability to make certain subtypes of neurons that are generated during fetal development. Postnatal...
Rat neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) prospectively isolated from uncultured E14.5 sciatic nerve and transplanted into chick embryos generate fewer neurons than do NCSCs isolated from E10.5 neural tube explants. In addition, they differentiate primarily to cholinergic parasympathetic neurons, although in culture they can also generate noradrenergic sympathetic neurons. This in vivo behavior can be explained,...
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