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Asymmetric development of the vertebrate embryo has fascinated embryologists for over a century. Much has been learned since the asymmetric Nodal signaling cascade in the left lateral plate mesoderm was detected, and began to be unraveled over the past decade or two. When and how symmetry is initially broken, however, has remained a matter of debate. Two essentially mutually exclusive models prevail...
Leftward flow of extracellular fluid breaks the bilateral symmetry of most vertebrate embryos, manifested by the ensuing asymmetric induction of Nodal signaling in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Flow is generated by rotational beating of polarized monocilia at the posterior notochord (PNC; mammals), Kupffer's vesicle (KV; teleost fish) and the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP; amphibians). To manipulate...
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