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The improvement of organonitrogen compounds (ONCs) in methanol-soluble portions (MSPs) obtained from supercritical methanolysis of raw and pretreated rice straw (RS) with Trichoderma sp. AH was investigated. According to detailed analysis with positive-ion ESI FT-ICR MS and GC/MS, the molecular masses (MMs) of ONCs in MSPs of raw and pretreated RS range from 100 to 500u and dominate from 300 to 450u...
Piliqing subbituminous coal (PSBC) was exhaustively extracted with isometric acetone/carbon disulfide mixed solvent under ultrasonic irradiation to afford extractable portion (EP) and extraction residue (RE). Then RE was subjected to sequential thermal dissolution (TD) in ethanol at 200, 240, 280, and 320°C and TD at each temperature was conducted for 2h. The sequential TD provided soluble portions...
Ethanolysis of an ethanolyzed residue (ER) from Zhaotong lignite with NaOH was conducted to afford extracts 1–4 (E1–E4). The yields of E1–E4 are 47.1%, 10.6%, 3.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. All the extracts were analyzed with a negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (ESI FTICRMS). In addition, carbon skeleton structures in the ER were determined...
Organonitrogen and organooxygen compounds (ONCs and OOCs) in the extraction residue (ER) from Buliangou subbituminous coal were characterized with an electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (ESI FTICRMS). Pyrrolic and hydroxy are the most abundant nitrogen and oxygen moieties on the ER surface according to analysis with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer...
A series of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared via a direct combustion of Cu nitrate, Zn and Al acetate with citric acid, oxalic acid or urea as fuel. The combustion processes were monitored by thermogravimetry differential scanning calorimeter. Characterizations disclosed that the physicochemical properties of these catalysts depended strongly on the type and amount of fuel. CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst...
Bio-oils (BOs) obtained from sweet sorghum stalk (SSS) methanolysis (BOm) and ethanolysis (BOe) at 300°C for 30min were analyzed with an electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (ESI FT-ICR MS). In negative-ion mode, the predominant compounds in BOm and BOe are On (n=1–10) class species with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 1–14 and carbon atom numbers...
Buliangou subbituminous coal (BSBC) was sequentially extracted with carbon disulfide, methanol, and acetone under ultrasonic irradiation to afford extracts 1–3 (E1–E3). All the extracts were analyzed with a positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). In total, 11.11% of organic matter in BSBC was extracted with the three solvents...
Filament-like ZnO and rod-like ZnO were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and used as a component in CuO/ZnO catalysts. These catalysts were tested in hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH and compared with the CuO/ZnO catalyst prepared via conventional coprecipitation process. It was found that the activities of these catalysts depended strongly on the morphology of ZnO. CuO/ZnO catalyst prepared with...
The chemical structures of Zhaotong lignite (ZL) were characterized with multiple direct tools, including solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer, combined with ZL ethanolysis and subsequent electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer...
Ethanol-soluble portion (ESP) from Zhaotong lignite ethanolysis at 305°C was analyzed with a positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). The range of molecular mass distribution is from m/z 100 to 600 with the center around m/z 330. Assignment of molecular formulae reveals that the main nitrogen-containing species with relative...
The products in the water-soluble portion from mild oxidation of Jincheng No. 15 anthracite in aqueous hydrogen peroxide were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometer (GC/QTOF-MS) along with theoretical calculation for the first time. A series of heteroatom(s)-containing components were identified by comparing their mass spectra with NIST11 library data. Moreover,...
Benzyloxybenzene (BOB), phenethoxybenzene (PEB), oxydibenzene (ODB), and anisole were selected as lignite-related model compounds (LRMCs). Theoretical simulation on the LRMC alkanolysis was conducted to understand the mechanism for lignite alkanolysis using density functional theory in terms of bond order, transition state (TS), charge distribution of TS, bond length, and activation energy (AE). The...
Wheat straw (WS) was oxidized in a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) aqueous solution at 40°C followed by sequential extraction of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide (CDS), diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (EA). The EA-inextractable solution was acidized and filtrated. The filtration was also sequentially extracted with the same series of solvents. In total, 38 organonitrogen...
A series of core–shell structured CuO–ZnO@H-ZSM-5 (CZ@H) catalysts were prepared by homogeneous precipitation through urea hydrolysis. This novel preparation procedure and excellent core–shell structure had contributed to its high-performance for CO hydrogenation under 260°C, 2.0MPa and high space velocity (6000mL/(g -cat h). The space time yield of dimethyl ether (DME) over CZ@H(7.5) reached...
Low quality rice bran with high free fatty acid content was utilized to produce fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) via in situ method. The effects of extraction solvent, acid and alkaline catalysts on the yield rate, esterification rate and transesterification rate were studied. About 12% (w FAEE /w rice-bran ) of FAEE was obtained when absolute ethanol was used as solvent to extract rice...
Low quality rice bran was used to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) via in situ extraction, esterification and transesterification process. The effects of the acid and alkaline catalysts on the ester yield, esterification and transesterification process were studied. When 75ml of absolute methanol, 150ml of petroleum ether, 0.75g of concentrated sulfuric acid and 0.71g of sodium hydroxyl were...
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