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Constellation-X is a multi-satellite X-ray astronomy mission presently being planned for launch in the 2010 time frame. Each of four identical satellites will contain a telescope and instruments for imaging and spectroscopic analysis of hard and soft X-rays. The X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS) instrument will use arrays of microcalorimeters to detect X-rays with energies from 0.2 to 6 keV...
We present test results of the first adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) that produce true continuous cooling at sub-kelvin temperatures. This system uses multiple stages that operate in sequence to cascade heat from a ''continuous'' stage up to a heat sink. Continuous operation avoids the usual constraints of long hold times and short recycle times that lead to the generally large mass of...
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