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The elastomer particle morphology in ternary blends of maleated and non-maleated ethylene-based elastomers with polyamides has been examined. The elastomers used include an ethylene/propylene copolymer, EPR, with a maleic anhydride (MA) grafted version, EPR-g-MA, and an ethylene/1-octene copolymer, EOR, with maleated versions EOR-g-MA-X% where X is 0.35, 1.6 or 2.5. The polyamides used were nylon...
The toughening effect of two types of elastomers based on ethylene/α-olefin copolymers, viz, an ethylene/propylene copolymer (EPR) with its maleated version, EPR-g-MA, and an ethylene/1-octene copolymer (EOR) with its maleated versions, EOR-g-MA-X% (X=0.35, 1.6, 2.5), for two classes of polyamides: semi-crystalline nylon 6 versus an amorphous polyamide (Zytel 330 from DuPont), designated as a-PA,...
The effects of surfactant structure on the morphology and mechanical properties of melt processed mixtures of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) with montmorillonite (MMT) organoclays were examined. The composite which exhibited the greatest change in gallery height, the highest modulus, and greatest aspect ratio (∼50) was produced from an organoclay with the lowest molecular weight surfactant,...
Rubber toughening of an amorphous polyamide (Zytel 330) using combinations of triblock copolymers of the type SEBS and a maleic anhydride functionalized version, SEBS-g-MA, was investigated and the results compared with those of nylon 6 and nylon 66. The effects of rubber content and the type of extruder on the morphology, Izod impact behavior and the ductile-brittle transition temperature were explored...
The effects of rubber type and particle size on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced blends of nylon 6 and EPR/EPR-gMA or SEBS/SEBS-g-MA were investigated; rubber particle size in the two systems could be controlled by varying the ratio of EPR to EPR-g-MA or SEBS to SEBS-g-MA. Unreinforced materials with the highest levels of toughness did not necessarily lead to the highest fracture...
The mechanical properties of nylon 6 and its blends with maleated ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR-g-MA) plus glass fibers were examined as a function of the chemical functionality of the silane surface treatment applied to the glass fibers. Three reactive silane coupling agents, with anhydride, epoxy, or amine functionality, were used and found to have little effect on the mechanical properties when...
A carefully selected series of organic amine salts were ion exchanged with sodium montmorillonite to form organoclays varying in amine structure or exchange level relative to the clay. Each organoclay was melt-mixed with a high molecular grade of nylon 6 (HMW) using a twin screw extruder; some organoclays were also mixed with a low molecular grade of nylon 6 (LMW). Wide angle X-ray scattering, transmission...
Organoclay nanocomposites based on three different molecular weight grades of nylon 6 were prepared by melt processing using a twin screw extruder. Mechanical properties, transmission electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and rheological measurements were used to characterize the three types of composites. Tensile modulus and yield strength were found to increase with increasing concentration...
Blends of nylon 6 with maleated ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR-g-MA) were prepared by melt blending over the whole composition range. The reaction of the polyamide amine end groups with the grafted maleic anhydride has the potential to form thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) with controlled morphology and chemical bonding between the phases. This study focuses on the effects of nylon 6 content and crystallinity...
The impact fracture parameters of blends of nylon 6 and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR-g-MA) reinforced with glass fibers as a function of glass fiber and EPR-g-MA content were examined. Both the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) model and a modified essential work of fracture (EWF) model were used to analyze the data. It was found that the addition of EPR-g-MA to unreinforced nylon...
The stress-strain behavior of blends of nylon 6 (PA) and a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) compatibilized by an imidized acrylic polymer (IA) was evaluated in terms of the IA content and the dispersed SAN25 particle size. PA/SAN blends can be considered as a simpler version of industrially important PA/ABS blends; therefore, this study provides better understanding of the stress-strain behavior...
Essential work of fracture and critical strain energy release rate analyses were used to investigate the effect of temperature (from 25 to −25°C) and specimen ligament length on the fracture energy, obtained from an instrumented drop tower test, of two compatibilized nylon 6/ABS blends (40 and 25wt% ABS) and the neat ABS. Three types of fracture were observed: ductile, mixed mode, and brittle. The...
The fracture of blends of nylon 6 and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber was examined by both the Izod impact test and a single-edge notch three-point bend (SEN3PB) instrumented Dynatup test. The effects of EPR-g-MA content, ligament length, method of fracture surface measurement, sample thickness and fracture position in the molded bar on the fracture behavior were investigated. The data were analyzed...
The phase morphology and phase inversion behavior of nylon 6 (PA)/styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) compatibilized blends have been studied using an imidized acrylic polymer (IA) and a styrene/acrylonitrile/maleic anhydride terpolymer (SANMA) as compatibilizers. PA/SAN blends can be considered as a simpler version of industrially important PA/ABS blends; therefore, this study is useful for the better understanding...
The relation between the dispersed phase particle size and blend composition has been examined for blends of nylon 6 and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) over a wide range of compositions that traverse the phase inversion points for simple binary blends and those reactively compatibilized by the addition of imidized acrylic polymer (IA) or styrene/acrylonitrile/maleic anhydride terpolymer (SANMA)...
The Izod impact strength and tensile properties of blends Nylon 6 and maleated ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR-g-MA) reinforced with glass fiber as a function of glass fiber and EPR-g-MA content were examined. Materials containing 0-20wt% glass fiber and 0-20wt% EPR-g-MA were formulated. The modulus and yield strength of the unreinforced materials decreased as EPR-g-MA content increased. This effect...
Fracture of rubber-toughened polystyrene (HIPS) has been studied via post-mortem analysis of specimens with arrested cracks formed under impact loading conditions. This methodology involves the study of the deformed region around an arrested crack tip by electron microscopy. It was applied to two commercial HIPS products and two experimental products with sub-micron rubber particles. For the HIPS...
Blends of nylon 6 with four acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) materials were investigated over a range of compositions using an imidized acrylic (IA) polymer as the compatibilizing agent. The IA material is miscible with the SAN matrix and is able to react with the amine end groups of nylon 6 during melt processing. The effects of ABS type and blend composition on the morphological, rheological...
The fracture behavior of blends of nylon 6 and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) compatibilized with an imidized acrylic (IA) polymer was examined by Izod impact testing and single-notch three-point bend (SEN3PB) instrumented Dynatup tests. The effects of the method of fracture surface measurement, ABS content, specimen thickness, compatibilizer content and fracture zone geometry were investigated...
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