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Recently, bottleneck features as effective representations have been successfully used in Speaker Recognition (SR) and Language Recognition (LR), but little work has focused on bottleneck features for Bird Species Verification (BSV). In SR, LR and BSR tasks, using short-time spectra features may be insufficient, so it need some more abstract and discriminative representations as complementation to...
Symbolic reasoning is difficult for neural networks. Especially, reasoning with variables can be a challenging task for them. In this paper, a symbolic reasoning method based on deep neural networks is proposed, and this method is applied to axiom discovery. This method makes use of the concept of “symbolic manipulation”. Specifically, it relies on the learning ability of the deep neural networks...
Finding out an effective way to score Chinese written essays automatically remains challenging for researchers. Several methods have been proposed and developed but limited in the character and word usage levels. As one of the scoring standards, however, content or topic perspective is also an important and necessary indicator to assess an essay. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel perspective...
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