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Stress-induced hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients, where elevated blood glucose and glycemic variability have been found to contribute to infection, slow wound healing, and short-term mortality. Early clinical studies demonstrated improvement in mortality and morbidity resulting from intensive insulin therapy targeting euglycemia. Follow-up clinical studies have shown mixed results...
As smartphones work their way into mission-critical applications, there is a need to gain knowledge of access network speeds and their variability at different locations. This information is vital to ensuring the efficient transmission of time-sensitive data and can mean the difference between life and death for some patients [1]. However, the decision to adopt smartphone applications (apps) that...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease caused by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, permanently disrupting endogenous insulin secretion and requiring patients to inject or infuse insulin to keep blood sugar levels close to normal. Self-treatment of T1D can be regarded as a closed-loop control system with a significant “human-in-theloop” aspect. Artificial pancreas systems seek to...
Heart attacks are a significant cause of death in the United States. In the case of an S-T segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), there is a direct correlation between time to treatment and patient outcome; earlier treatment is superior. The transmission of pre-hospital ECG images allows earlier activation of the STEMI treatment process as a doctor can diagnosis a STEMI by examining the...
With improvements in the accuracy and reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the stage is set for new algorithmic approaches to the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. While recent efforts to build a closed-loop artificial pancreas device are encouraging, the artificial pancreas will not apply to patients who prefer to inject insulin manually or who simply will not submit to fully automatic...
An S-T segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a severe heart attack that kills heart muscle every minute it is left untreated. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient survival. Currently, Charlottesville ambulances that service the University of Virginia hospital are equipped with proprietary systems that send electrocardiogram (ECG) images while the ambulance...
There is significant motivation for eating behavior profiles in general medical research and in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) research. We hypothesize that accurate meal behavior profiles can be developed by using meal diary information. We use 42 total days of real patient data to construct a meal profile for each of 12 patients. For each patient, we compile eating behavior into a meal profile...
Proper and timely reaction to events of interest in surveillance applications often depend on the ability to receive high-quality video in severely constrained wireless networks. Using a low-bandwidth, motion-adapted MJPEG video encoding format and utility-based content-adaptation scheme developed at UVA, previous researchers have shown that Dynamic Preference Specification (DPS), i.e. giving users...
Automatic control of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) with subcutaneous (SC) measurement of glucose concentration and subcutaneous (SC) insulin infusion is of great interest within the diabetes technology research community. Realistic computer simulation can provide invaluable information about the safety and limitations of closed-loop control algorithms, can guide and focus the emphasis of clinical...
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