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Reducing energy consumption in the Internet has become an increasingly important goal recently. Previous work on reducing energy consumption has primarily looked at either changing link rates or putting interfaces to sleep. Due to the unpredictable nature of traffic, the energy savings achieved have been modest, do not scale, and incur losses and delay. This article proposes a different approach to...
The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) has highlighted the fast depletion of ecosystem services over the past 50 years and has identified their crucial role in human well-being. This emphasizes the need of accounting for ecosystem goods and services in life cycle of products and processes. Despite the availability of numerous Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques, most methods only account for...
Clustering algorithms in wireless sensor network are used to save energy consumption. Existing clustering algorithms did not consider the energy optimization inside the clusters and they created new clusters once the cluster head of a cluster becomes dead. The removal and creation of new clusters create communication overhead. Here we propose a clustering algorithm for specific area of deployment...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) aim to fulfill the need for reliable and fault-tolerant sensing services. This has made wireless sensor networks a very active research area. SMAC is an energy efficient sensor MAC protocol. An S-MAC problem is that border nodes have to adopt multiple sleeping schedules, which speed up the energy depletion of border nodes. In this paper, S-MACL is proposed to overcome...
In this paper we study the energy cost (protocol processing and communication cost) and goodput of different flavors of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in ad hoc networks. We implemented a testbed and measured the actual energy cost as well as goodput of running TCP Reno, Newreno, SACK (Selective ACKnowledgement) and a version that combines Explicit Link Failure Notification (ELFN) [7] and Explicit...
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