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Controlling the progress and performance of a project is pivotal to achieve its planned goals. Schedule and cost are often used to make a baseline for managing projects' progress, but there are always uncertainties in planning and estimating the schedule and cost of projects. Therefore, a contingency reserve is needed to manage uncertainties and risks. In this paper, we present a new cost contingency...
In ad-hoc networks, at the beginning of network formation or later for routing purposes it is essential for a node to know how many neighbors it has. The capture effect, the effect of receiving a packet from a collision, can degrade the performance of the procedure of estimation of number of neighbors (ENN). The capture effect depends on different network parameters which are different in underwater...
Knowledge of the number of nodes in a network is very useful in practical network operations. To date techniques employed to estimate the number of nodes in a network have been based on some aspect of the communications protocol(s) in use. Unfortunately, underwater networks have properties such as long propagation delay, high absorption, and dispersion that limit protocol-based techniques for estimating...
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