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The challenges of future regarding the energy supply are linked to the limitation of fossil fuels, the avoidance of climatic relevant gases, and the worldwide increasing demand for energy. Therefore, the future energy supply is characterized by the increase of renewable energy: sun, water, wind and biomass. Entrained flow gasification of biomass is promising, since it is a highly efficient and flexible...
Numerous technical applications in the energy and metallurgical industries demand a fundamental knowledge of the flow of slags. In particular, the operation of an entrained flow gasifier is challenging, as the oxide slag has to be reliably discharged. Crystallization in the slag influences strongly the flow behavior of the slag because precipitations occur. In this study, the process of crystallization...
To promote the use of abundant low rank coal resources, and to assist with the design, development and optimisation of hot gas cleaning and downstream processes, it is necessary to understand the release mechanisms of volatile inorganic species from low rank coals under high temperature gasification conditions. Although a significant amount of work has been reported under combustion and oxygen lean...
The entrained flow gasification of Victorian brown coals is of interest for its potential use as a syngas feedstock in established commercial processes. To determine the applicability of entrained flow gasification to a Victorian brown coal, and to establish the scope for further investigation, coal pyrolysis and char gasification trials were conducted using a vertical entrained flow reactor. Pyrolysis...
Basic investigations using three different fuels as well as fuel blends have been performed in an atmospheric tube furnace at 1500°C under gasification like conditions. Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry has been used for on-line analysis of the hot product gas. Main vapour species were H 2 S, HCl, KOH, NaCl, COS, and KCl. After quantification of the data the release behaviour was correlated...
Power stations with Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) are highly efficient and flexible regarding fuel and products, e.g. power and synthesis gas. To avoid the efficiency loss in state of the art “cold” gas cleaning processes, it is necessary to develop high temperature gas cleaning processes. One of the main problems is the release of alkali species during coal gasification. This...
In the present work the release of inorganic trace elements as a function of the particle size of different biomass pellets was investigated. Therefore, three different sample sizes of three kinds of biomass (wood, miscanthus and straw) were gasified in an electrical heated furnace at 800°C. The sample sizes were: Half cylinders with a particle size of 3mm×6mm, irregular fragments with a particle...
Two approaches of how hot gas cleaning above the ash melting point, which has been successfully demonstrated for the Pressurized Pulverized Coal Combustion Combined Cycle (PPCC), could be integrated in an IGCC with CO 2 removal are described. The main advantage is the avoidance of slagging and fouling problems without the need for a gas quench. This is a prerequisite for the trouble-free operation...
The UNIQUE project aims at integrating the fluidized bed steam gasification of biomass and the hot gas cleaning and conditioning system into one reactor vessel. This paper outlines thermodynamic calculations and lab-scale experimental investigations on alkali removal and sour gas control. The results show that the alkali concentration in gasifier derived gases can be limited to values below 100ppbv...
Basic investigations on the release of alkali metal, chlorine, and sulphur species form a crucial element in designing control measures and to develop hot gas cleaning strategies for coal gasification systems. Together with other experimental approaches a large body of useful data has already been delivered in this area, but the underlying reaction mechanisms are not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore,...
Alkali metal, sulphur, and chlorine species released during coal gasification are of concern, because they can lead to problems in colder parts of the plant. Therefore, hot gas cleaning technology is recently under development. This clean-up strategy requires a comprehensive knowledge of the release characteristics of inorganic compounds. The principal objective of this work was to provide details...
The aim of limiting the amount of CO2 that is released together with other exhaust gases from power plants can be reached by technologies allowing for a systematic separation of this greenhouse gas. One such technology is the integrated gasification combined cycle power plant which makes use of a coal gasification step. For the gasification involving temperatures far higher than in typical pulverised...
To reduce problems such as fouling, slagging and corrosion, which can occur during thermal utilisation of lignite, an enhanced understanding of the underlying release mechanisms for the involved Na-, K-, Cl-, and S-species is needed. Therefore basic investigations have been performed in an atmospheric tube furnace at 1400°C under gasification and combustion like conditions in lab-scale experiments...
The use of brown coal can cause severe problems in combustion systems as far as fouling and slagging are concerned. Especially alkali metals that are released during combustion are responsible for the formation of sticky deposits in the boiler. In order to tackle this problem, an increased understanding of the combustion chemistry of brown coal is necessary. For this reason, laboratory combustion...
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