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The non-protein amino acid pipecolic acid (Pip) is a lysine catabolite involved in plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In this issue of Cell, Hartmann et al. (2018) demonstrate that a flavin-dependent monooxygenase converts Pip to N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), which functions as a critical metabolic regulator of SAR in Arabidopsis.
Innate immunity in plants and animals is mediated through pattern recognition receptors, which were thought to initiate signaling in the cytoplasm to activate defense pathways. Shen et al. (2006) and Burch-Smith et al. (2007) now provide compelling evidence that certain plant disease resistance proteins, which detect specific pathogenic effectors, act in the nucleus to trigger downstream signaling...
Plants and animals possess innate immune systems to prevent infections and are effectively “nonhosts” for most potential pathogens. The molecular mechanisms underlying nonhost immunity in plants remain obscure. In Arabidopsis, nonhost/nonpathogenic Pseudomonas syringae sustains but pathogenic P. syringae suppresses early MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) marker-gene activation. We performed...
HIV release requires TSG101, a cellular factor that sorts proteins into vesicles that bud into multivesicular bodies (MVB). To test whether other proteins involved in MVB biogenesis (the class E proteins) also participate in HIV release, we identified 22 candidate human class E proteins. These proteins were connected into a coherent network by 43 different protein-protein interactions, with AIP1 playing...
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