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Sum-frequency-generation (SFG) vibration spectroscopy is a technique only sensitive to functional groups arranged without centrosymmetry. For crystalline cellulose, SFG can detect the C6H2 and intra-chain hydrogen-bonded OH groups in the crystal. The geometries of these groups are sensitive to the hydrogen bonding network that stabilizes each cellulose polymorph. Therefore, SFG can distinguish cellulose...
Handsheets with in situ generated cellulose nanoparticles were made from oxidized pulp fibers prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl-mediated oxidation of kraft fiber with sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromide. The oxidized pulp fibers were blended prior to handsheet formation for short times (1–3 min). From gravimetric analysis of the supernatant, yield of cellulose nanoparticles generated...
Amidation and ionic complexation were evaluated as surface modification treatments for TEMPO-oxidized nanocelluloses (TONc), using octadecylamine (ODA) as the modifying compound. Effects of the two treatments on TONc with respect to degree of ODA substitution, surface hydrophobicity, crystalline characteristics, and thermal decomposition properties were investigated, respectively, with elemental analysis,...
The crystallinity index of cellulose is an important parameter to establish because of the effect this property has on the utilization of cellulose as a material and as a feedstock for biofuels production. However, it has been found that the crystallinity index varies significantly depending on the choice of instrument and data analysis technique applied to the measurement. We introduce in this study...
Utilization of TEMPO-oxidized celluloses in bio-based nanocomposites is reported for the first time. TEMPO-oxidized wood pulps (net carboxylate content 1.1 mmol/g cellulose) were fibrillated to varying degrees using a high intensity ultrasonic processor. The degree of fibrillation was controlled by varying sonication time from 1 to 20 min. The sonication products were then characterized independently...
It has previously been shown that the improved digestibility of dilute acid pretreated corn stover is at least partially due to the removal of xylan and the consequent increase in accessibility of the cellulose to cellobiohydrolase enzymes. We now report on the impact that lignin removal has on the accessibility and digestibility of dilute acid pretreated corn stover. Samples of corn stover were subjected...
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