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In this paper, the thermal field of a large scale permanent magnet embedded salient pole wind generator (PMESPWG) is investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling. To reduce the calculation, only one quarter model of the PMESPWG is established according to its symmetry. Based on the electromagnetic analysis and the empirical equations, the copper loss, stator iron loss and rotor...
Indium doping of Cz and CCz mono-crystalline silicon has been investigated as a means to reduce lifetime degradation after light soaking in wafers and cells. The lifetime degradation is due to the formation of a metastable boron-oxygen complex (B-O pairs) during incipient carrier injection and is proposed to be the mechanism responsible for light-induced degradation in p-type solar cells doped with...
In the process of product innovation, there are many complex problems that difficult to solve. According to the basic steps of the root cause analysis process that define, analyze and solve problems, apply them into the process of product innovation, introduce the ideal final result to define problem -- improving the accuracy of finding root cause. And then convert the root cause into conflict by...
The Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) has been widely used as a mean square error (MSE) lower bound for unbiased parameter estimations. For phase estimation, however, the CRB is not valid at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the effect of phase wrapping. In this paper, closed-form approximations of the MSE lower bounds for the phase estimation are derived under both Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels,...
In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) eddy current field model to calculate the eddy current losses in an isolated phase bus is proposed. The temperature rises of the conductors and enclosures in the isolated phase bus are evaluated using the proposed set of thermal equations. Good agreement between the computed and test results is a good validation of the proposed methodology.
The design, construction end control of a wide bandwidth, active end-effector which can be attached to the end-point of a commercial robot manipulator is presented here. Electronic compliancy (Impedance Control) (11) has been developed on this device. The end-effector behaves dynamically as a two-dimensional, Remote Center Compliance [RCC]. The compliancy in this active end-effector is developed electronically...
The work presented here is a controller design methodology for robot manipulators based on the input-output functional relationships [26] in the dynamic behavior of the robot manipulator and environment. This controller guarantees: 1) the robot end-point follows an input command vector "closely" when the robot is not constrained by the environment, and 2) the contact force is a function...
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