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Classically, the acid-base balance (ABB) is described by the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, where the blood pH is a result of a metabolic components – the HCO₃⁻ concentration and a respiratory component – pCO₂. The Stewart model assumes that the proper understanding of the organisms ABB is based on an analysis of: pCO₂, Strong Ion difference (SID) – the difference strong cation and anion concentrations...
Brachycephalic syndrome develops as a result of a specific build of splanchnocranium. In dogs of brachycephalic breeds, an impairment of correct gas exchange occurs. 5 French bulldogs at the age of 11-14 months, which suffered from continuous mixed-type dispnoea and lowered effort tolerance, were examined. Apart from the above-mentioned symptoms, the occurrence of strong external nostril stenosis...
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