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In this paper an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a hybrid electric bus (HEB) with a dual energy storage systems (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) is presented. The scenario considers the hybrid operation (engine+ESS), as well as the full electric operation (only ESS). Optimal targets for the proposed EMS are obtained by an optimization process with a multi-objective...
In this paper an optimal operation mode control for a tramway with a hybrid energy storage system (battery+supercapacitor) is presented. The optimization process to obtain the setpoints for the control strategy is done by mean of multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA). The objective fitness functions are based on a cost model considering: the energy absorbed from the catenary, the battery+supercapacitor...
In this paper an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a light rail vehicle with an onboard energy storage system combining battery (BT) and supercapacitor (SC) is presented. The optimal targets for the proposed EMS are obtained by an optimization process with multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA). The fitness functions are expressed in economic terms, and correspond to the costs related...
This paper is focused on a series hybrid electric bus (SHEB). A rule-based energy management strategy is proposed by controlling the state of charge (SOC) of the battery (BT) and a variable output control for the auxiliary power unit (APU). Furthermore, a power splitter control is developed to split the power among BT and supercapacitor (SC). The optimization to obtain the values for the control levels...
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