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A mathematical model describing the relationship between uninfected hepatocytes, infected hepatocytes, HBV, CD8+ T-cells(CTL), antigen presenting cells, CD4+ T cells (Th1 and Th2), plasma cells, antibody, and so on was established to explain the mechanism of HBV infection. The mathematical analysis result shows the condition of how can the immune system eliminate HBV entirely from the body. The model...
A mathematical model describing the immune response to HBV infection was established. The immune reaction effect included both humoral and cellular immune response. Why the immune system failed to eliminate the virus was explained by the equilibrium state analysis result that the immune response was not strong enough to resolve the HBV infection. Simulations were made to show the wide variety of clinical...
The reductionism and Manichaean view of the microbe-human host relationship are the two major limitations in the conventional theories of microbial infection. Three focal point theory-based game models (pure cooperative, dilemma and pure conflict) are proposed for resolving those problems. There exists a dynamic duality relationship (DDR) between symbiosis (Sym) and pathogenesis (Pat) in microbial...
In order to understand the role of monocytes and macrophages (MPhi) in the pathogenesis of SARS, we detect pathological changes, cell apoptosis and expression levels of CD68, Mac387, CD25, ACE2 and S protein in the specimens of lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. Plenty of infiltrating MPhi could be seen in a number of tissues including the alveolus cavity, the lymphatic sinus in lymph nodes and the splenic...
Cell surface molecule CD44 of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) is the receptor of Cryptococcus neoformans during the infection. We performed microarray analysis and used principle component analysis to examine gene profiles of HBMEC in responses to C neoformans infection. The CD44 levels increases, peaking at the 4-hour time point and then declined gradually. Seventy genes displayed...
In order to characterize the role of CglE in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli K1 meningitis, comparative infectomic approaches were used to analyze and predict its functions. CglE and IbeA are present in GimA as a pair of homologous proteins at different locations. A similar pair of proteins is also present in Silicibacter sp which belongs to the most abundant marine bacterial groups. Both bacteria...
Nowak's model of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been extensively and successfully used to simulate the interaction between HIV and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response. However, such model is not available for hepatitis B virus (HBV). As the enhanced recruitment of virus-specific CTLs into the liver has been an important novel concept in the pathogenesis of hepatitis...
A previous design of a biofeedback system for Neurorehabilitation in an interactive multimodal environment has demonstrated the potential of engaging stroke patients in task-oriented neuromotor rehabilitation. This report explores the new concept and alternative designs of multimedia based biofeedback systems. In this system, the new interactive multimodal environment was constructed with abstract...
A previous design of a biofeedback system for Neurorehabilitation in an interactive multimodal environment has demonstrated the potential of engaging stroke patients in task-oriented neuromotor rehabilitation. This report explores the new concept and alternative designs of multimedia based biofeedback systems. In this system, the new interactive multimodal environment was constructed with abstract...
The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor and selective alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker, also has antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study the effect of carvedilol on the antioxidative...
To investigate changes in vascular functions in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2), male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a diabetic control group, and diabetic groups treated with a low dose (5000 U/kg/d) or a high dose of IL-2 (50000 U/kg/d) for five weeks. Rats were injected with STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce diabetes...
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