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The effect of vacuum annealing on the properties of graphene is investigated by using Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurement. Heavy hole doping on graphene with concentration as high as 1.5 × 1013 cm−2 is observed after vacuum annealing and exposed to an air ambient. This doping is due to the H2O and O2 adsorption on graphene, and graphene is believed to be more active to molecular adsorption...
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