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Flexible clay polymer nanocomposite films with heat durability and high moisture-barrier property were prepared by using Li+-exchanged bentonite and polyethyleneglycol-modified lignin. Analyses revealed that the films comprised of laminated clay mineral layers and the lignin intercalated between the layers. The films retained their heat durability up to 350°C, and their moisture vapor transmission...
The microstructure of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl levulinate) (VOH–VLA copolymer) was studied by 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR techniques. The sequence distributions could be obtained from the six methine triads observed in the 500-MHz 1 H NMR spectra of the copolymers: the three methylene dyads and the three carbonyl triads observed in 125.6-MHz 13 C NMR spectra of the copolymers...
The average molecular weight, the amount of bound phenol of liquefied cellulose and the substitution pattern of bound phenol as well as newly formed residue in the late stage of liquefaction were examined in various liquefaction conditions. The linkage fashion of bound phenol was governed by the liquefaction condition. Phenol extended molecular weight by the reaction with decomposed fragments from...
Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl levulinate) was synthesized by N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide assisted esterification of poly(vinyl alcohol) with free levulinic acid using 4-pyrrolidino pyridine as a catalyst in N,N-dimethyl acetamide/lithium chloride solvent system in order to optimize the reaction condition. The vinyl levulinate content in the copolymer was attained up to 0.95. The 13 C NMR dyad...
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