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Background and objective
Titanium wear particles may participate in the etiology of peri‐implantitis. However, the influence of titanium wear particles on biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in the presence of LPS is still not clear. The present study demonstrated the effects of titanium dioxide micro‐ and nanoparticles (TiO2 MPs and NPs) on HGF cell viability, cytoskeletal organization,...