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Ignition temperatures of a series of bio-oil based fuel blends or slurry fuels prepared from bio-oil, bio-oil water soluble fraction (WSF), crude glycerol and/or biochar are measured via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method and a modified method based on ASTM standard. Bio-oil has an ignition temperature of 506°C while WSF has a slightly higher ignition temperature (511°C) due to negative effect...
This study investigates the possibility of emulsifying bio-oil with crude glycerol to produce emulsion fuels. The focus is on the stability of bio-oil/glycerol (BG) emulsions under various emulsification conditions and the effect of major impurities in crude glycerol. The results suggest that temperature and surfactant play more important roles in BG emulsion stability than stirring speed and time...
A pyrolytic lignin, separated from the bio-oil generated from biomass fast pyrolysis bio-oil at 500°C via cold-water extraction, was thermally decomposed in a drop-tube/fixed-bed reactor under inert conditions at 100–350°C. It is found that the char yield of the pyrolytic lignin under such fast pyrolysis conditions decreases rapidly from ∼82% at 100°C to ∼23% at 350°C. The majority of the weight loss...
The study reports the emission of inorganic particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters <10µm (PM10) during the complete combustion of bio-oil in a drop-tube-furnace (DTF) system at 1400°C under air and two oxyfuel conditions (i.e., 21%O2/79%CO2 and 30%O2/70%CO2, by volume). Three bio-oil samples were studied, i.e., a raw bio-oil, a filtrated bio-oil (prepared from the raw bio-oil after...
A raw bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis and a filtrated bio-oil, which was prepared from the raw bio-oil via syringe filtration to remove fine char particles, were atomized via an air-assist nozzle set and then combusted in a laboratory-scale drop-tube furnace (DTF) at 1400°C under incomplete combustion conditions. Both air and oxygen (O2) atmospheres were considered to produce PM with aerodynamic...
This study investigates the effect of major impurities in crude glycerol (water, soap, NaCl and NaOH) on the solubility and fuel properties of glycerol/methanol/bio-oil blends. All the impurities considered are found to worsen the solubility of glycerol in the bio-oil to some degree. The effect of water and soap on glycerol solubility in the bio-oil only becomes significant when the water to bio-oil...
This paper investigates the effect of thermal pretreatment temperatures between 200 and 370°C on the yield and composition of products (bio-charm gasm water and organics) obtained when Douglas-fir wood was subsequently pyrolyzed in an auger reactor at 500°C. The yield of products was reported for the pretreatment and pyrolysis steps separately, and for the two steps added. The maximum yield of bio-oils...
Acid-catalysed esterification converts organic acids in bio-oil into useful esters. However, the conditions to carry out esterification also promote the hydrolysis of anhydro-sugars in bio-oil. This paper reports the hydrolysis and glycosidation of sugars during the esterification of bio-oil using Amberlyst-70 solid acid catalyst at 70–170°C. The bio-oil was prepared from the fast pyrolysis of mallee...
This paper reports the simultaneous catalytic esterification and acetalisation of a bio-oil with methanol using a commercial Amberlyst-70 catalyst at temperatures between 70 and 170°C. The bio-oil was prepared from the pyrolysis of mallee woody biomass in a fluidised-bed pyrolysis reactor under the fast heating rate conditions. Our results show that the conversion of light organic acids and aldehydes...
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