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Butanol is considered a superior biofuel, as it is more energy dense and less hygroscopic than the more popular ethanol, resulting in higher possible blending ratios with gasoline. However, the production cost of the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process is still high, mainly due to the low butanol titer, yield and productivity in bioprocesses. The conventional recovery by distillation...
Reactive separation processes were recently proposed for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), most of them making use of solid catalysts thus eliminating all conventional catalyst-related operations, improving process efficiency and reducing energy requirements. Such integrated systems require a stoichiometric reactants ratio in order to achieve complete conversion and high purity products...
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