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Based on the experimental data available in the literature, the β-α′/α′′ martensitic transformation and athermal ω formation of the Ti–M (M = Mo, V, Nb, Cr, Al) binary systems at low temperature are thermodynamically described. According to β-α′/α′′ martensitic transformation and metastable ω phase formation temperatures, thermodynamic parameters of these systems are assessed by means of the CALPHAD...
Accurate diffusivities are essential for the design and production of biomedical alloys with excellent properties. In the present work, ternary and quaternary interdiffusion behaviors in Ti–rich Ti–Nb–Cr, Ti–Zr–Cr and Ti–Nb–Zr–Cr systems at 1273 K were experimentally investigated via the diffusion couple technique. Ternary interdiffusivities of bcc Ti–Nb–Cr alloys were then determined using the Matano–Kirkaldy...
Thermal conductivity in a series of annealed Mg–Zn, Al–Zn and Mg–Al binary alloys was studied by experimental investigation and CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) methodology. Microstructure and phase identification of the alloys were determined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Thermal conductivity was measured over the temperature ranges from 298 K to 498 K...
Based on the critical evaluation of experimental data available in the literature, for the first time the Ag-X (X = S, As, Lu) binary systems were assessed thermodynamically using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) method. The solution phases including liquid, (Ag), (αS), (βS), (αAs), (εAs) and (Lu) were described by the substitutional solution model, and their excess Gibbs energies were described...
The phase relationships in silica rich area in the SiO2–SrO–Al2O3 system were determined experimentally at 1723 K (1450 °C), 1823 K (1550 °C) and 1873 K (1600 °C) using quenching technique. Phases of the quenched samples were examined and identified using light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was used...
The Mo–W–N and C–Mo–W ternary systems have been critically evaluated by means of the CALPHAD approach, wherein the C–Mo–W system was reassessed to ensure the model consistency. The Gibbs energies of individual phases in the ternary systems are described with corresponding models, such as substitutional solution model and sublattice model. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters is obtained...
Utilizing five groups of bulk diffusion couples together with electron probe microanalysis technique, the composition-dependent ternary interdiffusion coefficients in fcc Cu–Ni–Sn alloys at 1023K were determined via the Whittle and Green method. The presently obtained interdiffusion coefficients at 1023K as well as our previously measured ones at 1073K were combined with the slightly modified thermodynamic...
The Ta–Mo–C system was assessed by means of the CALPHAD approach. All of the phase diagram and thermodynamic information available from the literature were critically reviewed. The liquid was modeled as substitutional solution phase, while the carbides including fcc-(Mo,Ta)C1-x, bcc-(Mo,Ta), hcp-(Mo,Ta)2C and η-MoC were described by using corresponding sublattice models. The ζ-Ta4C3-x was considered...
The Cu-Cr-Zr ternary system was investigated via thermodynamic modeling coupled with key experiments. The isothermal section of the Cu-Cr-Zr system at 1123K was determined by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis, and the phase transformation temperatures were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The Cu-Cr sub-binary system was re-assessed with a...
The isothermal section of the Mo–Ni–Zr system at 1100°C was investigated by characterization of eight equilibrium alloys. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to identify the stable phases and obtain their compositions. The Mo–Ni–Zr system was then optimized by means of CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) technique with the consideration of experimental data...
Four key samples of the Mg-Ca-Sn ternary system in the Mg-rich region at 415 and 350°C have been determined using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS). The existence of the CaMgSn ternary compound was confirmed in these two isothermal sections. Thermodynamic optimizations of the Ca-Sn binary system and Mg-Ca-Sn ternary system were carried...
The phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the Al–Ge–Ni system are useful for understanding the diffusion process during the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. In this work, the thermodynamic description of the Al–Ge–Ni system over the whole composition and temperature ranges was performed by means of the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method. The enthalpies of mixing of the...
Sb and Sb-containing compounds have been attracting a great interest as promising alternative materials for commercial anodes and liquid batteries. The Li-Sb system was studies experimentally by investigating 6 alloys with X-ray diffraction measurement, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalyses. Two binary phases Li2Sb and Li3Sb were confirmed to be stable in this system. Two invariant...
Solubility isotherms as well as the corresponding solid phases of the quaternary system LiCl+MgCl2+KCl+H2O and the eutectic points for the ternary systems LiCl+MgCl2+H2O, LiCl+KCl+H2O and MgCl2+KCl+H2O at 323.15 K have been elaborately determined by an isothermal equilibrium method. Five crystallization fields including two double salts (LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O(s) and KCl·MgCl2·6H2O(s)), two hydrate salts...
The Al−Fe−Nb system was critically assessed by means of the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic) were modeled with the Redlich–Kister equation. The thermodynamic models of compounds Al13Fe4, Al2Fe and Al5Fe2 in the Al–Fe system and Al3Nb and AlNb3 in the Al–Nb system kept consistent with ones in the corresponding binary systems. The Fe2Nb and...
Based on the recently developed numerical inverse method, high-throughput measurement of the composition-dependent interdiffusivity matrices in the bcc_A2 Fe-Mn-Si alloys at 1173, 1273 and 1373K was performed in the present work. To verify the reliability of the presently determined interdiffusivities, the ternary interdiffusivities evaluated by the traditional Matano-Kirkaldy method at the intersection...
Based on the experimental equilibrium data on spinodal decomposition in the literature together with the newly measured data in the present work, a complete metastable phase diagram for the pseudo-binary c–TiN/c-AlN system was constructed for the first time, from which a self-consistent thermodynamic description was then established by means of CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method with the...
Phase equilibria in the Ag–Ga–Sn ternary system have been studied experimentally by using differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Three vertical sections (Ag–Ga50Sn50, Ga–Ag50Sn50 and Sn–Ag50Ga50) and one isothermal section at 100°C were experimentally established. Based on available information...
This paper focuses on the theoretical descriptions of the Gibbs energies concerning the unary systems of Antimony and Germanium. The Gibbs energy expressions of the vapor phase and the condensed phases are included in order to study the influences of temperature and pressure on the phase equilibrium status. The vapor phase is treated as a real solution of the constituent species by considering the...
The Co–Mo–Ni and Mo–Ni–W ternary systems were assessed by means of the CALPHAD approach. All of the experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data available from the literature were critically reviewed. The liquid, (γCo), (Ni), (Mo), (W) and (εCo) were modeled as substitutional solution phases, while the intermetallic compounds including Mo0.2Co0.8, Mo6Co7, Sigma, Co3Mo, MoNi, MoNi3, (Mo,W)Ni4,...
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