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The esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) in supercritical methanol was investigated by using carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of incomplete carbonized glucose and starch, which had been coded as sulfonated-ICG and sulfonated-ICS, respectively. The contents of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and its yield were determined by using gas...
This study demonstrated the potential use of local palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as alternative feedstock for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production and the possibility to replace the conventional acid-catalyzed esterification process (with H 2 SO 4 ), which was industrially proven to suffer by several corrosion and environmental problems, with non-catalytic process in supercritical...
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