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Naphthenic acid (NA) are present in crude oil and lead to corrosion problems within the oil refineries. The objective of this study is to reduce total acid number (TAN) from NA in an environmentally benign way, suppressing the solid deposition using supercritical water (SCW). The reaction was carried out in an 8.8mL batch reactor fabricated from Hastelloy C-276 with respective design temperature and...
Reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the decomposition of vanadyl etioporphyrin (VO-EP), the most common metal compounds present in heavy crude, were studied in a mixed solvent of supercritical water (SCW) and toluene without the addition of any catalyst, H 2 or H 2 S to remove vanadium. The aim of this study was to remove vanadium an environmentally benign way from VO-EP at a high...
Sulfated zirconia (SO 4 –ZrO 2 ) catalysts, prepared with three different sulfur loading contents (0.75%, 1.8% and 2.5%) at two calcination temperatures (500°C and 700°C), were tested for use in the transesterification of purified palm oil (PPO) and the esterification of palm fatty acid (PFA) in near-critical and super-critical methanol. Techniques including BET, XRD, NH 3 ...
This study demonstrated the potential use of local palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as alternative feedstock for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production and the possibility to replace the conventional acid-catalyzed esterification process (with H 2 SO 4 ), which was industrially proven to suffer by several corrosion and environmental problems, with non-catalytic process in supercritical...
Supercritical water has been focused on as an environmentally attractive reaction media where organic materials can be decomposed into smaller molecules. The reaction behavior of lignin model compound was studied in near- and supercritical water with a batch type reactor. Catechol was used as a model compound for aromatic rings in lignin. The reaction was carried out at temperatures of 643–693K at...
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