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Fertiliser-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination has been recently studied as one feasible application of forward osmosis (FO) for irrigation. In this study, the potential of membrane scaling in the FDFO process has been investigated during the desalination of brackish groundwater (BGW). While most fertilisers containing monovalent ions did not result in any scaling when used as an FO draw solution...
Reclamation and reuse of agricultural tile drainage water in the San Joaquin Valley, California, by membrane desalination has been given serious consideration for nearly 30 years. The agricultural drainage water has very high levels of calcium and sulfate ions, rendering it nearly saturated with gypsum in some locations in this region. The present paper focuses on the conditions of membrane surface...
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