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Lin et al. proposed a mediated semi‐quantum key distribution protocol in 2019. This study shows that Lin et al.'s protocol has a security loophole that could mount to the collective attack to reveal some information about the secret key without being detected. To overcome this problem, an improved protocol is proposed and its security is proven.
A new mediated semi‐quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol is proposed, allowing two classical participants to share a secret key with the help of an untrusted third party, who only needs to generate single photons and perform Bell measurements. This is the first work attempting to reduce the quantum overhead of the untrusted third party, which makes the mediated SQKD even more practical. The proposed...
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