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This article presents a multi-phase bidding model that is primarily for reverse bidding (1:N) and can also be used later for bilateral bidding (1∶1). This multi-phase approach excels by competing for the lowest price and relativizes a subtle “lose-win” relationship of its own for the reverse auction through a second phase of negotiation. The latter is limited to a bilateral relationship and is applied,...
This paper presents an intelligent approach based on software agents capable of conducting and coordination trains in stretches of single railway track, aiming to reduce the utilization of railway and environment impacts. In the Brazilian rail modal, due to the low duplication of tracks, trains that journey on single railways should accomplish required halts, in order to wait for other trains to use...
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