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The loop-stage-dependent exchange bias training effect has been systematically studied in the polycrystalline FeNi/FeMn bilayers. According to the ferromagnet (FM) magnetization states, an entire magnetic hysteresis loop can be divided into four different stages: 1) positive saturation stage; 2) descending branch; 3) negative saturation stage; and 4) ascending branch. The loop-stage-dependent training...
Recently, the exchange bias (EB) phenomenon in the ferromagnet/antiferromagnet (FM/AFM) bilayer and its inborn instability effect, i.e., training effect [1], have attracted much attention for its great technological importance in spintronic devices. Usually, the study of training effect is performed by continuously recording the exchange field (HE) and the coercivity (HC) after measuring an entire...
A multichannel tapered coupler interfacing standard 250-μm-pitch low-NA polarization-maintaining fiber arrays with ultra-dense 20-μm-pitch high-NA silicon waveguides is designed, fabricated, and tested, demonstrating coupling losses below 1 dB and injection bandwidths of 160 Gb/s/channel.
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