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Several industrial n-type Czochralski silicon ingots were analysed on wafer and cell levels with ECN׳s bifacial n-type solar cell process. In some of the ingots, the solar cell performance in the very top drop of about 1% absolute with respect to cell from the middle part of the ingot. These cells show typical ring shaped pattern. After receiving a post-process anneal treatment at 200°C, the efficiency...
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