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The expression of type I interferons (IFN) is the immediate host response during most viral infections. These cytokines induce an antiviral state in cells by the production of antiviral proteins, they can also modulate immune cell functions and elicit antiproliferative responses. IFNα belongs to a multigene family consisting of multiple IFNα subtypes (up to 14 in mice), and although they all bind...
There are twelve human interferon alpha subtypes that differentially trigger intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections. IFNα2 is currently in HIV clinical trials, but the other subtypes have not been tested and may be better HIV therapeutics. We used HIV-1-infected humanized mice to compare the antiviral properties of IFNα2 with IFNα14, the subtype we found to induce the...
Therapeutic administration of IFN-α in clinical trials significantly reduced HIV-1 plasma viral load and HTLV-I proviral load in infected patients. However, the downstream antiretroviral effector(s) of IFN-α therapy remain unknown. Here we use the mouse Friend virus (FV) infection model to interrogate a potential effector protein, Apobec3. Lab and wild strains of mice have one of two forms of Apobec3,...
Type I Interferons (IFNs) are a multigene family with up to 14 different IFN-α subtypes. IFNs have direct antiviral activity mediated by the induction of antiviral enzymes and they can also stimulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Various studies demonstrated distinct antiviral activities of specific IFN-α subtypes, but their immunomodulatory properties during viral infections have...
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