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Advances in diagnostics at the refurbished Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) now allow spatially and temporally resolved spectra to be obtained, with improved signal-to-noise ratios. Z-pinch simulation models have also improved, due both to substantial advances in the understanding of the underlying physics, and to the development of more detailed and accurate atomic databases. We will...
This study focuses on quasi-static mechanical cycling durability of copper traces on printed wiring assemblies (PWAs). PWA specimens populated with Land Grid Array (LGA) components on copper-defined pads were cycled to failure under zero-to-max, three-point bending. Failure is defined in terms of electrical opens due to fatigue damage propagation through the entire cross section of the trace. Failure...
Large diameter (50-70 mm) wire array z pinches are fielded on the refurbished Z machine to generate 1-10 keV K-shell x-ray radiation. Imploding with velocities approaching 100 cm/μs, these loads create large dL/dt which generates a high voltage, stresses the convolute, and leads to current loss. High velocities are required to reach the few-keV electron temperatures required to strip moderate-atomic-number...
We will discuss experiments on the Z generator using large diameter stainless steel wire arrays to produce K-shell emission (hv~6.7keV). Large array diameters and fast implosion times are needed to obtain high velocities and high temperatures in order to excite Fe K-shell emission.Since the refurbishment of the Z generator, nested stainless steel wire arrays have been fielded at 65mm, 70mm and 75...
A two-dimensional radiation MHD model that includes a self-consistent calculation for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium kinetics and ray trace based radiation transport1 is employed to simulate 65 mm diameter stainless steel double wire array Z machine experiments of 5.0 mg and 2.5 mg, respectively (shots Z1859 and Z1860). Temporal knowledge of the plasma internal energy, ion density, velocity,...
Summary form only given. Fast z-pinches produce intense K-shell radiation from wire arrays and for Cu arrays these photon energies can exceed 8 keV Experimental investigations of pinches on ZR using Cu arrays have already begun and more are planned for the near future. However to produce significant K-Shell emissions from moderately high atomic number plasmas such as Cu, they must be rapidly ionized...
Summary form only given. Copper wire arrays have previously been fielded in large diameter (up to 70 mm) nested configurations on the 20 MA Z machine, with average Cu K-shell (8.4 keV) yields of 20 kJ typical. More recently, Cu K-shell source development studies have been performed on the refurbished Z machine, which in initial commissioning shots has produced just over 20 MA current in these loads...
Summary form only given. A two-dimensional radiation MHD model was recently developed and employed to investigate large diameter wire array Z-pinch experiments performed on the refurbished Z generator. This model incorporates into the Mach2 MHD code a self-consistent calculation for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium kinetics and ray trace based radiation transport. This level of detail is necessary...
Summary form only given. K-shell X-rays have been studied with various materials at the 20-MA (pre-refurbished) Z accelerator. This paper presents results obtained for the ablation dynamics and stagnation physics of single and nested copper z-pinches with varying initial load diameters. Monochromatic imaging and shadowgraphy provide detailed information regarding the ablation of the wires and the...
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