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Fifth-generation wireless systems are expected to employ multiple-antenna communication at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies using small cells within heterogeneous cellular networks. The high path loss of mmWave and the physical obstructions make communication challenging. To compensate for the severe path loss, mmWave systems may employ a beam alignment algorithm that facilitates highly directional...
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with uniform planar arrays (UPAs), which is often referred to as full-dimension (FD) MIMO, is being strongly considered for future wireless communication standards. FD-MIMO can control transmit and receive beams in both the horizontal and vertical domains and fully exploit the large number of antennas of massive MIMO. It is widely accepted that Kronecker-product...
A 2D antenna array introduces a new level of control and additional degrees of freedom in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems particularly for the so-called “massive MIMO” systems. To accurately assess the performance gains of these large arrays, existing azimuth-only channel models have been extended to handle 3D channels by modeling both the elevation and azimuth dimensions. In this paper,...
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