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An air-formed or anodic oxide film was detached from titanium by chemical etching in bromine-methanol electrolyte, exposing the bare titanium substrate and grain boundaries with defects at specific regions. Without the protective air-formed TiO2 film, pitting corrosion occurred on the bare titanium substrate due to the attack of bromine. The corrosion pits propagated with etching time from 10 to 300 s...
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