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In recent years, the integrity of scientific computation has been called into question by demonstrations that errors in computer codes are common, even when those codes are professionally maintained. This has led to an interest in techniques for demonstrating the correctness of codes. The most powerful of these so-called verification techniques involves showing that the solutions calculated by the...
As a direct solution of the Boltzmann equation, particle-in-cell simulation potentially yields highly accurate descriptions of low-temperature plasma. However, this accuracy is realised only with correct implementation and appropriately chosen numerical parameters. Particle-in-cell simulation is a computationally intensive procedure. Consequently, efficient implementations that take full advantage...
Electro-negative plasmas are widely used in plasma processing, ion source for neutral beam heating in fusion devices, plasma etching and ion Hall thrusters. Presence of negative ions principally modifies the sheath thereby affecting the direct transport of charged particle toward the wall or substrate. In some scenarios they lead to discharge instabilities. They are also responsible for various plasma...
Non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure discharges provide an attractive area of industrial interest, largely due to their relative ease of operation and usefulness in fields such as surface treatment of plastics, medical surfaces or even tissue1. In recent years there has therefore been a mounting interest in characterising these types of discharges numerically through simulation, as well as through...
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet sources2 provide plasmas that are not spatially bound to any electrode and overcome the need for vacuum systems. Typically plasma is generated internally and then convected to an ambient environment via a gas flow. Applications for non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jets range from material processing3 to recent applications in medical physics4. The finite element...
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