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This study demonstrated the degradation of unionized acetate in anaerobic digestion at 45ºC through the identification of kinetics and inhibition parameters. The kinetic parameters, Ks and rmax, were determined using Monod-based model for three different conditions, namely uninhibited, inhibited, and systems with high substrate condition. The Ks values for uninhibited condition were in the range of...
Salix matsudana Koidz was exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0, 10, 50, and 100 µmol/L) to study the effects of Cd on mineral metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that plant height and root length were inhibited by 50 and 100 µmol/L Cd, except the one under 10 µmol/L Cd treatment. The Cd content accumulated in different organs of S. matsudana, gradually increasing...
The toxic effects of Cd on microtubule (MT) organization in root tip cells of S. matsudana were investigated in the present study using tubulin immunolabeling and fluorescence microscopy. Cell damage and expression level of the SmTUA1 gene in the root tips were also examined by means of propidium iodide (PI) staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology. The MT arrays were very sensitive...
The effects of different NaCl concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4%) on plant growth, the enzymatic antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, and cell damage were investigated in Salix matsudana Koidz to better understand the tolerant mechanism under NaCl stress. The results indicate that cell damage was induced in roots by NaCl stress as early as after just 1 h of exposure, which increased with increasing...
To understand the phytoremediation capability of Cd by Salix babylonica L. we studied Cd accumulation and translocation, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and soluble protein contents in S. babylonica exposed to 10, 50, and 100 μM Cd for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The results indicated that seedling growth was accelerated by 10 μM Cd, and significantly inhibited by 50 and 100 μM Cd. The...
A nitritation-anammox single-stage autotrophic nitrogen-removal system was started and achieved stable, efficient operation. The startup process occurred in three stages: aerobic granulation, nitritation regulation, and autotrophic nitrogen removal. Granular sludge was successfully incubated after 57 d of acclimation. Through an operating strategy of gradual reduction in organic loading and an increase...
Salix matsudana is thought to be an ideal woody plant for use in phytoremediation programs in China. This study deals with the characterization of early responses to Cd in accumulation and its effects on other metals, and relative gene expression in roots exposed to 50 μM of Cd for 1 to 24 hours. The Cd content in roots exposed to Cd for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours of treatment was approximately 280,...
Salix matsudana roots exposed to 10, 50, and 100 μM Cd solutions for 24 h were carried out in order to understand the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance and detoxification. 50 and 100 μM Cd inhibited root length significantly (P < 0.05). Cd levels in roots increased significantly with increasing Cd concentrations, and the contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ca decreased significantly. A Cd-specific Leadmium...
Six kinds of municipal sludge samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from Guangzhou in southern China. Total concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Mn in the sludge was determined, and used obtained values to appraise the degree of agricultural land pollution on the base of four pollution indixes. Results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals Cu (4.567 mg/kg),...
It is a simple but effective measure to ensure food security by planting rice cultivars with low accumulation ability of heavy metals, especially with Cd-exclusive ones. Eighty-nine pairs of soil and 17 main rice cultivars from the slight-moderate Cd-pollution paddy field in Chengdu Plain were randomly collected. The Cd content in brown rice, Cd enrichment, translocation factors, and rice yield were...
Systemic vulnerability is an internal and essential factor that influences environmental sustainable development capability. Optimizing adjustments on systemic vulnerability significantly contributes to improved function, decreased disturbance, and guaranteed scientific evolution of environmental sustainable development capability. The connotation of systemic vulnerability of environmental sustainable...
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