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This paper presents a new emission constrained power generation expansion model to investigate what kind of generation mix is necessary and economical in order to meet a specific emission target. The proposed model can help governments make decisions for generation expansion to meet their emission reduction targets by employing a cost efficient planning methodology. Renewable source generation is...
Implementation of transmission access arrangements under BETTA, in the UK, has encouraged applications for offers to connect generation to the grid. Network operators have consequently been presented with a vast amount of applications before end of 2004. Boosted by governmental targets of securing 10% of electricity generation from renewable resources by 2010 and 20% by 2020 and widespread public...
The value of intermittent wind generation is significantly affected by their penetration and concentration, and is further affected by their location within a network. This is because the location and penetration level of wind generation will result in significant impact on power flow distribution across the network. When increasing the penetration and concentration of wind generation in a power system,...
Distribution network planning is to identify the least cost network investment that satisfies load growth requirements without violating any system and operational constraints. Due to their high efficiency, small size, low investment cost, modularity and ability to exploit renewable energy sources, are increasingly becoming an attractive alternative to network reinforcement and expansion. Numerous...
Embedded generators are expected to play an increasingly important role in future energy supply. They could potentially benefit networks from loss reduction and deferred or delayed investment. Equally, they can increase network investment through inappropriate siting, potentially leading to expensive network upgrading and expansion. This cost/benefit of embedded generator is not reflected by any of...
Stability constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) has become increasingly important in modern power systems operation. The work presented in this paper describes a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach for tackling the SCOPF problem emerging in the UK electricity balancing market. The SCOPF problem is defined as optimizing the generation combination of balancing mechanism (BM) units to maintain the...
This paper describes the principle and implementation of a new MW+MVAr-miles based charging methodology for pricing distribution networks. The charging methodology was developed with an aim of reflecting the true cost and benefit of network users, especially embedded generators (EGs). The proposed charging methodology respects the cost to a network due to both real and reactive power, i.e. power factor...
This paper describes the principle and implementation of a new MM+MVAr-Miles based charging methodology to allocate the existing distribution network's annuity cost. The proposed charging methodology separates network facilities' cost due to the respective real and reactive power flows. The costs are then allocated to network users according to their nature (demand or generation) and their power factors...
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