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Secondarily treated municipal effluent has been discharged since 2006 into a 1439 ha cypress-tupelo forested wetland in coastal Louisiana. Changes in carbon stocks of trees and soils as well as emissions of methane and nitrous oxide were measured over a one-year period and compared to baseline conditions derived from the scientific literature. Methods and equations were applied from the American Carbon...
We evaluated the current literature, coupled with our collective research expertise, on surface-water connectivity of wetlands considered to be “geographically isolated” (sensu Tiner Wetlands 23:494–516, 2003a) to critically assess the scientific foundation of grouping wetlands based on the singular condition of being surrounded by uplands. The most recent research on wetlands considered to be “geographically...
We carried out a 1.5-year study of the fate of organic carbon during experimental wetland loss using an herbicide at freshwater, brackish and saltwater emergent wetlands. Total carbon stocks in the upper 50 cm of the soil horizon were 15.0 ± 0.5 kg C/m2 (222.8 mt CO2e/ac) at the freshwater site, 11.1 ± 0.9 kg C/m2 (164.7 mt CO2e/ac) at the brackish site, and 8.5 ± 1.4 kg C/m2 (125.7 mt CO2e/ac) at...
The Prairie Pothole Region of North America is characterized by numerous, small, wetland depressions that perform important ecological and hydrological functions. Recent studies have shown that total wetland area in the region is decreasing due to cumulative impacts related to natural and anthropogenic changes. The impact of wetland losses on landscape hydrology is an active area of research and management...
We explore the category “geographically isolated wetlands” (GIWs; i.e., wetlands completely surrounded by uplands at the local scale) as used in the wetland sciences. As currently used, the GIW category (1) hampers scientific efforts by obscuring important hydrological and ecological differences among multiple wetland functional types, (2) aggregates wetlands in a manner not reflective of regulatory...
Denitrification dynamics in “geographically isolated wetlands” (GIWs) may provide a link between GIWs and aquatic systems by converting N to other end products (e.g., N2, N2O, etc.), protecting downstream waters from excessive N. We compared GIW ambient and amended denitrification rates and soil/water covariate relationships in areas of two ecoregions. The average unamended denitrification rate was...
Two recent United States (U.S.) Supreme Court decisions severely curtailed federal protection for isolated wetlands (i.e., those completely surrounded by uplands). However, the true extent of the wetlands affected and hence the implications of the decisions are unknown. Best professional judgment from almost a decade ago estimated ≤20 % of contiguous U.S. wetland area to be isolated. We used the National...
This study examined the distribution of wetland plants used in macrophyte-based index of biotic integrity (IBI) metrics to determine the effectiveness of zone sampling in assessing wetland condition. Using sampling data from a previous study of 74 emergent isolated wetlands, macrophyte taxonomic data and resulting IBI metrics were analyzed for various wetland zones and compared against the original...
We used remotely-sensed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to estimate potential water storage capacity of isolated wetlands in north central Florida. Data were used to calculate the water storage potential of >8500 polygons identified as isolated wetlands. We found that isolated wetlands in this area stored 1619 m3/ha on average, with a median measure of 876 m3/ha. Significant differences...
Secondarily treated municipal effluent from Breaux Bridge, Louisiana has been discharged into the Cypriere Perdue forested wetland since the early 1950s. Approximately one million gallons per day (3,785 m−3 day−1) are discharged into the 1470 ha wetland, with average total nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates of 1.15 g N m−2 yr−1 and 0.31 g P m−2 yr−1, respectively. Vegetation and water quality of...
Wetland surface elevation and vertical accretion were measured from 1996 to 1999-–2000 using a sediment elevation table (SET) and feldspar marker horizons in nine paired wetlands receiving Mississippi River water from the Caernarvon, West Pointe a la Hache (WPH), and Violet river diversions. The Caernarvon study sites had wetland surface elevation change rates ranging from 0.16±0.31 to 0.42±0.21 cm...
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