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Glycosylation controls diverse protein functions and regulates various cellular phenotypes. Trophoblast invasion is essential for normal placental development. However, the role of glycosylation in human placenta throughout pregnancy is still unclear. The β-1,4-galactosyltransferase III (B4GALT3) has been found to regulate cancer cell invasion. We therefore investigated the expression of B4GALT3 in...
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is characterized by failed remodeling of maternal vessels perfusing the placenta. Blood vessels and lymphatic system are involved in vessel remodeling and flow homeostasis in the uterus during pregnancy. This study aims to investigate the involvement of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in PE.Placental and decidual tissues were obtained from pregnancies with PE (n = 90), including...
Disruption of the 14-3-3 tau (YWHAQ) gene has been shown to be involved in preeclampsia (PE). The YWHAQ promoter could be differentially regulated by methylation in severe PE patients.Placental genomic DNA from patients with severe PE (n = 21) and controls who experienced a normal pregnancy (n = 16) was analyzed using dot-blot and immunohistochemistry. The placental methylation patterns of YWHAQ,...
Extravillus trophoblast (EVT) invasion plays a critical role in placental development. Integrins bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to mediate EVT cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Changes in O-glycans on β1-integrin have been found to regulate cancer cell behavior. We hypothesize that O-glycosyltransferases can regulate EVT invasion through modulating the glycosylation and function...
Aquaporins were first described as channels which increased permeability of lipid membranes to water, in response to osmotic and/or hydrostatic gradients. Some were shown to increase permeability also of other small solutes, particularly urea and glycerol. More recently other functions have been attributed to some, such as involvement in angiogenesis, cell migration, and adhesion. All of these processes...
Angiogenesis is fundamental to normal placental development and aberrant angiogenesis contributes substantially to placental pathologies. The complex process of angiogenesis is regulated by transcription factors leading to the formation of endothelial cells that line the microvasculature. Homeobox genes are important transcription factors that regulate vascular development in embryonic and adult tissues...
Basement membranes lie at the epithelial–mesenchymal interface of most tissues. These thin layers of highly specialized extracellular matrix vary in composition in different tissues and also over the course of tissue morphogenesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which were originally identified in basement membranes, interact with extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors and cell receptors, and...
Three water channel proteins, aquaporins, have been shown to be expressed in the placentae of humans and sheep-AQP1, 3, 8; AQP1 is in the vasculature, whereas AQP3, 8 are in the trophoblast cells. In this study we used the sensitive and reproducible technique of real-time PCR to compare the level of expression of the mRNAs for AQP1, 3 and 8 in the ovine placenta at five stages of gestation (27, 45,...
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