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Cooperative transmission (CT) enables balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes and mitigates the energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In typical CT enabled medium access control (MAC) protocols, a source node decides to trigger CT or not based on a residual energy comparison between itself and its relay node. In this paper, we propose a receiver initiated CT MAC protocol,...
In this paper, a simple model for sustainable architecture ISM factors affecting power to analyze the relationship between the structure of the main system factors is proposed. Through a lot of literature to read with the status of power development, 14 factors have been selected. The establishment of the adjacency matrix, reachable matrix, and then draw the elements of the system structure. Then...
Overhearing and idle listening are two primary sources for unnecessary energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. Although introducing duty cycling in medium access control (MAC) reduces idle listening, it cannot avoid overhearing in a network with multiple contending nodes. In this paper, we propose an event-triggered sleeping (ETS) mechanism for synchronous duty-cycled (DC) MAC protocols in...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of connected low-cost and small-size sensor nodes. The sensor nodes are characterized by various limitations, such as energy availability, processing power, and storage capacity. Typically, nodes collect data from an environment and transmit the raw or processed data to a sink. However, the collected data contains often redundant information. An in-network processing...
One of the main challenges confronted by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to reduce energy consumption of nodes for the purpose of network lifetime extension. In the literature, many backbone based protocols such as connected dominating set (CDS) and broadcast or multicast based protocols are employed in order to improve network performance in terms of metrics like energy consumption, number of...
A major challenge for cooperative communication in distributed networks is to coordinate relay transmissions without introducing too much overhead. Targeting a clustered network, we propose a novel cooperative communication scheme including channel quality based relay selection and distributed space-time code allocation in this paper. Both analysis and simulations are carried out to investigate the...
While the availability of more than one mobile or wireless technologies is enhancing the ubiquity of the Internet access, the corresponding energy consumption effects on mobile station battery for connection selection has not been investigated in depth yet. In this paper, a heterogeneous wireless network, which consists of three constituent networks, is studied with respect to the amount of data communicated...
Previous work on cooperative MAC design has shown significant performance improvement in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio. However, little attention has been paid to extra energy cost at the relay node in order to achieve such benefit. In this paper, we focus on analyzing energy consumption at a relay node in cooperative retransmission networks with mixed Rayleigh and Rician fading channels...
While Internet access using mobile or wireless technologies has become ubiquitous these days, the energy consumption aspect of such connections has not been studied in-depth yet. In this paper, a hybrid wireless network, which consists of a cellular component and a relay-assisted ad hoc component, is studied focusing on energy consumption by mobile stations with respect to the amount of data communicated...
The LNG-MRC3 is a small-scale natural gas liquefier. Its capacity is 3 cube meters per day. Building small-scale LNG plants have been proved with the development of LNG filling station. The liquefaction process has been optimized to enhance the economy of the small-scale LNG plant. In this paper, the same criteria are used to evaluate two types of liquefaction cycles, which include mixed refrigeration...
In this paper, we evaluate the communication quality, energy consumption and bandwidth of different transmitters with different modulation schemes. The performance in short distance communication, for instance wireless personal area network (WPAN), is evaluated. Simulation results demonstrate that for WPAN communication, the transmitter with high modulation level PSK and a linear class A power amplifier...
In this paper, we evaluate the communication quality, energy consumption and bandwidth of different transmitters with different modulation schemes. The performance in wireless personal area network (WPAN) is evaluated. Simulation results demonstrate that for WPAN communication, the transmitter with high modulation level PSK and a linear class A power amplifier can acquire higher spectral efficiency...
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