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Two custom tuning forks for quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy have been designed using analytical geometry optimization. Their performances are presented and they will be used in experiments to further improve the sensibility of the technique.
This study aims at evaluating Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) as a reliable technique for the characterization of viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. Three phantoms with different concentrations of plastisol and softener were prepared in order to mechanically mimic a broad panel of healthy and pathological soft tissues. Once placed in a MRI device, each sample was excited by a homemade...
Characteristics of two commercial quartz tuning forks and a homemade tuning fork are compared for standard QEPAS experiments. An analytical model is also derived to compare theory and experiment with a reasonable agreement.
A single-frequency doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator is pumped by a master oscillator-fiber power amplifier whose pulse duration is varied for 40 ns to 10 µs, enabling to optimize the pumping parameters.
The detection, identification and quantification of various air pollutants are key issues in several fields of investigation such as environmental and industrial surveillance, security, or biology. These applications require the development of specific optical sensors. For remote detection of green-house and industrial gases, it is necessary to develop compact, portable, low cost and user-friendly...
Established methods for filling through holes in core layers of HDI and IC substrates are labor intensive, multistep processes that rely on mechanical filling with epoxy or paste after conformal through hole metallization, planarization, and a cap layer of electrodeposited copper before subsequent build-up of additional dielectric layers. Additionally, the mechanical strength and thermal conductivity...
We report the continuous mode-locked operation of a picosecond, singly-resonant, synchronously-pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) based on ZGP. The ZGP SPOPO emits in the 4-6 μm range with signal power higher than 800 mW.
We present a novel method for broadband spectroscopy. Due to the entanglement of two cavities within an optical parametric oscillator, frequency resolution and span are widely adjustable. The technique is applied to CO2 remote sensing.
We investigate spectral shaping of the parametric gain in a double-pass doubly resonant OPO. The experimental demonstration is made possible by our specific OPO design that enables the precise control of the backward relative phase.
We numerically investigate the use of a PPLN nonlinear mirror to achieve pulsed operation of a Cr2+:ZnSe laser. We discuss the effect of various parameters on the laser dynamics (CW, Q-switched and/or mode-locked operation).
We report on experimental investigation and modelling of thermal effects in high-power pulsed OPOs. A significant improvement of the conversion efficiency is demonstrated when a proper temperature gradient is applied to the nonlinear crystal.
Electrolytic copper microvia filling is an enabling technology, prominently used in today's manufacture of advanced HDI and packaging substrate product. In the high volume mass production of copper filled microvias, a wide variety of electroplating equipment designs are available to the fabricator. In this article, various aspects of electroplating equipment design used in the mass production of copper...
Laser specifications for a spaceborne sensitive measurement of CO2, by differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) at 2.05 mum, have been derived in terms of output energy, frequency stability and beam quality. To achieve such operation, single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation and fine frequency control is needed. In previous work, the authors have developed an optical parametric oscillator based set-up...
Here, we propose to apply to Cr2+:ZnSe an original mode-locking technique, using an intracavity second order nonlinear mirror, and efficiently demonstrated on near-infrared (lambda=1 mum) laser sources. Indeed, efficiency and reliability reached by second order non linear crystals, such as PPLN, allow a transposition of the nonlinear mirror concept from near-infrared to mid-infrared laser sources...
For CO2 differential-absorption LIDAR, the single-mode output of a type-II PPLN entangled-cavity nanosecond doubly-resonant OPO emitting at 2.05 mum is amplified to 11 mJ, with 3 MHz rms frequency stability and a M2 < 1.9.
We present a new, low threshold, narrow linewidth, entangled cavity scheme for nanosecond OPO. Thanks to this compact design, open loop single longitudinal mode operation is achieved over hours with 5 MHz short term stability.
As higher and higher pin-count semiconductor packages are deployed in telecommunications and data processing applications, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) substrates must evolve to allow increased routing densities. To be capable of meeting these routing density and complexity needs, higher layer counts must be combined with filled microvias. High Density Interconnect (HDI) product of this type places...
We demonstrate 100 GHz continuous tuning and ±3 MHz frequency stabilization of the signal radiation delivered by an entangled cavity nanosecond OPO while the frequency fluctuation of the pump radiation is larger than 500 MHz.
We show that gain in an OPO with a large walkoff between the pump and signal saturates just like a laser gain and thus CW pumped OPO can be directly mode-locked with high conversion efficiency.
An entangled cavity optical parametric oscillator is applied for photoacoustic spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 3.8–4.3 μm. High resolution spectra of N2O are reported around 3.8 and 4 μm.
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