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We compared three software tools designed for scattering-parameter measurement uncertainty evaluation. These tools propagate uncertainty to calibrated S-parameters by means of a sensitivity analysis. We also validated the sensitivity analysis with Monte-Carlo simulations performed with one of the software tools and the Keysight ADS circuit simulator.
Modelling at gigahertz frequencies is often based on (non)linear microwave/millimeter wave measurements. These measurements are usually considered ideal in modelling procedures. In this work, we demonstrate how measurement uncertainty may impact model extraction in two application areas: biofluidic modelling and large-signal transistor modelling.
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