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The calibration uncertainty (uB) is the dominant part in the total uncertainty budget of the UTC generation [1,3]. There are two calibration strategies: (a) Receiver calibration and (b) Time link calibration. The state-of-the-art [1,4,5] of the uB is of order 5 ns for GNSS time transfer based on the strategy (a) and is 1 ns for TWSTFT based on the strategy (b) in which the absolute offset is canceled...
Accurate GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) time transfer needs accurate satellite orbit information. Since Nov. 2009, the GLONASS time transfer is introduced in UTC generation. The precise and timely GLONASS orbit information is indispensable for Circular T computation. In this paper, we compare the GLONASS orbits produced by different analysis centers. We study the differences of the products,...
The CCTF CGGTTS data formats are used worldwide in the applications of various societies from the UTC/TAI production and scientific studies to all levels of commercial usages. Its design was based on the GPS receiver technique in the 1980s. With the progress of the new GNSS receivers and new T/F transfer techniques, its short points are becoming evident, e.g. the convention that for a tracking arc...
The major techniques used for the international UTC/TAI time and frequency transfers are the two independent space techniques: TWSTFT (two-way satellite time and frequency transfer) and GNSS (global navigation satellite system: GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS etc.). Comprised of multi- techniques, this system is highly redundant, of which not a single technique has dominant advantage with respect to the others...
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