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The major techniques used for the international UTC/TAI time and frequency transfers are the two independent space techniques: TWSTFT (two-way satellite time and frequency transfer) and GNSS (global navigation satellite system: GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS etc.). Comprised of multi- techniques, this system is highly redundant, of which not a single technique has dominant advantage with respect to the others...
TWSTF (TW) is a precise time transfer technique and has being used to generate the TAI since 1999. From the beginning with only 3 measured points per week over a few baselines to now 12–24 points per day and measured as a worldwide network, the TW observable becomes highly redundant. However single baseline is still the only geometry in TAI time transfer practice. As shown in Fig. I-1, among the 35...
The network of time links for the computation of TAI has always be chosen such as to allow a unique solution, i.e. not using any redundancy. In the present situation, many links can be computed with two or more techniques (mostly Two Way time transfer -TW- and Global Positioning System -GPS-) and the TW network itself is highly redundant. Therefore it makes sense to use all the available information...
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