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Introduction: Low socio-economic status (SES) is strongly related to smoking, but studies examining the association of SES with nicotine dependence (ND) are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of SES and marital status with smoking, multiple measures of ND, and cotinine as a nicotine intake biomarker. Methods: The sample comprised 1746 ever smokers, sampled from the National...
Aims To examine the association between diurnal type and smoking status and nicotine dependence (ND).
Design A cohort study using random‐effects model regressions for repeated longitudinal panel data was used to analyse smoking status by diurnal type. Regression analyses examined the association between diurnal type and ND.
Participants A total of 23 289 same‐sex adult twin individuals from Finnish...
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